Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation

Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps immune response initiation immediately following exposure to parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities interleukin (IL)-12 during early T. infection. We therefore examined IL-12 expression by porcine peripheral blood monocytes dendritic cell (DC) subsets toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation controlled tachyzoite detected IL-12p40 plasmacytoid DC, but conventional or monocyte-derived DC TLR ligation. Unexpectedly, we also observed considerable production CD3– NKp46+ cells—a classical natural killer phenotype—following exposure, no was either cells. Despite this, IL-18 DC-enriched mononuclear live exposure. Only combined stimulation with recombinant IL-12p70 induced innate cells, while T did respond. Therefore, serve as important producers ligation, likely plays a prominent role pig